The reaction $2CH_3COOC_2H_5 \xrightarrow{C_2H_5ONa} CH_3COCH_2COOC_2H_5 + C_2H_5OH$ is called:

Given below are two statements: Consider the following reaction: $R_2C=O + H_2O \rightleftharpoons R_2C(OH)_2$.
Statement $I$: In the case of formaldehyde $(HCHO)$,$K_{eq}$ is about $2280$,due to small substituents,hydration is faster.
Statement $II$: In the case of trichloroacetaldehyde $(CCl_3CHO)$,$K_{eq}$ is about $2000$ due to the $-I$ effect of $-Cl$ atoms.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below:

What is the product of the following reaction?

Identify the product $Y$ in the following reaction sequence:
$CH_3CHO + CH_3MgI$ $\xrightarrow{\quad} X$ $\xrightarrow{H_2O/H^+} Y$

An aromatic compound $A$ (Molecular formula $C_{8}H_{8}O$) gives a positive $2,4-DNP$ test. It gives a yellow precipitate of compound $B$ on treatment with iodine and sodium hydroxide solution. Compound $A$ does not give Tollen's or Fehling's test. On drastic oxidation with potassium permanganate,it forms a carboxylic acid $C$ (Molecular formula $C_{7}H_{6}O_{2}$),which is also formed along with the yellow compound in the above reaction. Identify $A, B$ and $C$ and write all the reactions involved.

Match the reactions in Column $I$ with appropriate options in Column $II$.

Column $I$	Column $II$
$A$. $Ph-N_2Cl + Ph-OH \xrightarrow{NaOH/H_2O, 0^{\circ}C} Ph-N=N-Ph-OH$	$p$. Racemic mixture
$B$. $Pinacol \xrightarrow{H_2SO_4} Pinacolone$	$q$. Addition reaction
$C$. $Ph-CO-CH_3 \xrightarrow{1. LiAlH_4, 2. H_3O^+} Ph-CH(OH)-CH_3$	$r$. Substitution reaction
$D$. $4-chlorocyclohexanethiol \xrightarrow{Base} Thiacycloheptane$	$s$. Coupling reaction
	$t$. Carbocation intermediate